Online Journal Articles
Referencing online journal articles from research databases (examples are in blue)
Note: DOI is 'Digital Object Identifier'. It is the article's permanent link on the internet. It can usually be found on the journal article's first page, on the header or footer. If a DOI is available, include it in https://doi.xxxxxxxxx at the end of the reference (even if it is listed as doi.xxxxx, add https:// followed by DOI string).
If a DOI is not available and you have retrieved the article from a St Patrick's College database, the reference ends with the page number(s). The article is treated as a print article.
Note: when adding page number(s) in reference list for journal articles, omit p. See entries below.
Note: if a journal article has no date, add (n.d.). in the reference list and in-text citation
| Format | Reference | In-Text Citation |
| One author (with DOI) |
Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of journal article. Journal name, Volume number(Issue or number if known), page number. DOI address Ruxton, C. (2016). Tea: Hydration and other health benefits. Primary Health Care, 26(8), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.7748/phc.2016.e1162 |
(Author Surname, Year) (Ruxton, 2016) OR According to Ruxton (2016), (p. 34). |
| One author (no DOI) |
Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of journal article. Journal name, Volume number(Issue or number if known), page number.
Beaudoin, K. M. (2008). Social validation of services for youth with emotional and behavioral disorders: A comparative study. International Journal of Special Education, 23(1), 1–7.
If the journal article does not have a DOI and is not from the College research databases, add the URL at the end of the reference, following the page number(s). |
(Author, Year) (Beaudoin, 2008)
|
| Two authors |
Author Surname, Initial., & Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of journal article. Journal name, Volume number(Issue or number if known), page number. DOI address Kerrigan, A. M., & Kingdon, C. (2010). Maternal obesity and pregnancy: A retrospective study. Midwifery, 26, 138- 146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2008.12.005 |
(Author Surname & Author Surname, Year) (Kerrigan & Kingdon, 2010). |
| Three or more authors |
Author Surname, Initial., Author Surname, Initial., & Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of journal article. Journal name, Volume number(Issue or number if known), page number. DOI address Westhues, A., Lafrance, J., & Schmidt, G. (2001). A SWOT analysis of social work education in Canada. Social Work Education, 20(1), 35-56. http://doi.org/10.1080/02615470020028364 |
(First Author Surname, et al., Year) (Westhues, et al., 2001) |